Govorni činovi u italijanskom epistolarnom korpusu – istorijsko-pragmatička analiza Speech acts in an Italian epistolary corpus – historical and pragmatic analysis Речевые акты в эпистолярном корпусе итальянского языка - историко-прагматический анализ

[A. Lalić]

169 str.

Linguistica italiana - Pragmatica storica, linguistica storica, pragmatica / Italijanska lingvistika - Istorijska pragmatika, istorijska lingvistika, pragmatika / Italian linguistics - Historical pragmatics, historical linguistics, pragmatics / Итальянская лингвистика - Историческая прагматика, историческая лингвистика, прагматика

Il presente studio osserva la manifestazione e la modificazione degli atti linguistici in un corpus epistolare in italiano. Il corpus per la ricerca consta di 88 lettere appartenenti alla raccolta Lettere di Levante. Abbiamo preso in considerazione le lettere rivolte agli ambasciatori della Repubblica di Ragusa nel Regno di Bosnia dall’anno 1400 fino al 1463. Il lavoro prende avvio a partire dalla nozione di atto linguistico concepito da Austin (1962). Inoltre, ci basiamo sulla teoria universale di cortesia di Brown e Levinson (1987), ossia al concetto dell’atto minacciante della faccia. Ambedue le teorie sono applicate al corpus attraverso la lente della pragmatica storica, cioè con lo scopo di determinare le caratteristiche del parlato in epoche passate. Adattiamo le teorie grazie ai lavori di Jacobs e Jucker (1995), Jucker (2008), Kohnen (2002, 2015), Koch e Oesterreicher (1985) e Brinton (2001). Abbiamo costruito questo lavoro intorno a cinque ipotesi: i modi in cui si realizzano gli atti linguistici nella corrispondenza della Repubblica di Ragusa dipende dalle convenzioni del discorso diplomatico; l’atto primario è l’atto della richiesta; l’atto della richiesta è accompagnato da atti “satelliti” la cui funzione è mitigatrice (gli atti secondari servono a mitigare le richieste); vengono utilizzate forme cristallizzate e luoghi comuni; la differenza nella modulazione degli atti linguistici dipende dallo stato sociale del ricevente del messaggio. Abbiamo verificato che la modulazione degli atti linguistici dipende dallo stato sociale del ricevente del messaggio, che l’atto linguistico predominante nel corpus è quello della richiesta; che gli altri atti linguistici assumono la funzione mitigatrice dell’atto della richiesta; che l’atto della richiesta, come del resto anche gli altri, sono modulati utilizzando i luoghi comuni dei topoi dell’amicizia, dell’amore, dell’onore e della religione.

Ova studija posmatra manifestaciju i modifikaciju govornih činova u epistolarnom korpusu na italijanskom jeziku. Korpus se sastoji od 88 pisama koja pripadaju zbirci Lettere di Levante. Uzeli smo u obzir pisma upućena ambasadorima Dubrovačke Republike u Bosanskom kraljevstvu od 1400. sve do 1463. godine. Koncept od kojeg rad kreće je pojam govornog čina kako ga osmišljava Ostin (Austin, 1962). Uz to, oslanjamo se na teoriju univerzalne učtivosti Braunove i Levinsona (Brown i Levinson, 1987), odnosno na koncept čina koji prijeti obrazu. Obje teorije su primijenjene na korpus kroz prizmu istorijske pragmatike, odnosno s ciljem određivanja karakteristika govornog jezika u prethodnim epohama. Teorije prilagođavamo zahvaljujući radovima Jakobsa i Jukera (Jacobs i Jucker, 1995), Jukera (Jucker, 2008), Konena (Kohnen, 2002, 2015), Koha i Esterajhera (Koch i Oesterreicher, 1985) i Brintonove (2001). Ovaj rad smo koncipirali oko pet hipoteza: način na koji se realizuju govorni činovi u korespondenciji Dubrovačke Republike zavisi od konvencija diplomatskog diskursa; primarni čin je čin zahtjeva; čin zahtjeva prate „satelitski“ činovi čija je uloga mitigatorska (uloga sekundarnih činova je mitigiraju zahtjeve); koriste se kristalizovane formule i opšta mjesta; razlika u modulaciji govornih činova zavisi od društvenog statusa primaoca poruke. Pokazalo se da modulacija govornih činova zavisi od društvenog statusa, da je predominantni govorni čin zahtjev, da ostali činovi preuzimaju mitigatorsku ulogu, te da se svi oblikuju upotrebom opštih mjesta toposa prijateljstva, ljubavi, časti i religije.

The present study observes the manifestation and modification of speech acts in an epistolary corpus in Italian. The corpus of the research consists of 88 letters that belong to the Lettere di Levante collection. We took into consideration letters addressed to the ambassadors of the Republic of Ragusa in the Bosnian Kingdom from the year 1400 up until 1463. The basic concept this research is based on is the speech act as devised by Austin (1962). Furthermore, we rely on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) universal theory of politeness, or more precisely on the concept of the face-threatening act. Both theories were applied to the corpus in a historical pragmatic lens, i.e., with the objective of determining characteristics of spoken language in past eras. We adapt the theories by using the frameworks devised by Jacobs and Jucker (1995), Jucker (2008), Kohnen (2002, 2015), Koch and Oesterreicher (1985) and Brinton (2001). We constructed this thesis around five hypotheses: the way in which speech acts are realized in the correspondence by the Republic of Ragusa depends on conventions of diplomatic discourse; the primary act is that of requesting; the oct of requesting is accompanied by “satellite” acts whose function is mitigative (secondary acts serve to mitigate requests); crystalized formulae and common places are used; the difference in the modulation of speech acts depends on the social position of the recipient of the message. It has been shown that the modulation of speech acts depends on the social position of the recipient of the message, that the predominant act in the corpus is the act of requesting; that other speech acts assume a mitigative function to the act of requesting; that requests, but also other speech acts, are modulated by using common places of topoi of friendship, love, honor and religion., The present study observes the manifestation and modification of speech acts in an epistolary corpus in Italian. The corpus of the research consists of 88 letters that belong to the Lettere di Levante collection. We took into consideration letters addressed to the ambassadors of the Republic of Ragusa in the Bosnian Kingdom from the year 1400 up until 1463. The basic concept this research is based on is the speech act as devised by Austin (1962). Furthermore, we rely on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) universal theory of politeness, or more precisely on the concept of the face-threatening act. Both theories were applied to the corpus in a historical pragmatic lens, i.e., with the objective of determining characteristics of spoken language in past eras. We adapt the theories by using the frameworks devised by Jacobs and Jucker (1995), Jucker (2008), Kohnen (2002, 2015), Koch and Oesterreicher (1985) and Brinton (2001). We constructed this thesis around five hypotheses: the way in which speech acts are realized in the correspondence by the Republic of Ragusa depends on conventions of diplomatic discourse; the primary act is that of requesting; the oct of requesting is accompanied by “satellite” acts whose function is mitigative (secondary acts serve to mitigate requests); crystalized formulae and common places are used; the difference in the modulation of speech acts depends on the social position of the recipient of the message. It has been shown that the modulation of speech acts depends on the social position of the recipient of the message, that the predominant act in the corpus is the act of requesting; that other speech acts assume a mitigative function to the act of requesting; that requests, but also other speech acts, are modulated by using common places of topoi of friendship, love, honor and religion.

historical pragmatics, speech acts in diachrony, epistolary discourse, diplomatic discourse, 15th century

istorijska pragmatika, govorni činovi u dijahroniji, epistolarni diskurs, diplomatski diskurs, petnaesti vijek

811.131.1'42'22"1400/1463"(043.3) 811.131.1-6(497.584:439.55)"1400/1463"(043.3) 81-13-112(043.3)

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